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Sources for this series (31)

Shaikh & Tonak 1994, locus not yet resolved; BEA; Shaikh2010b + 10 more — recomputed by Heterodata

Shaikh, Anwar; Tonak, E. Ahmet. 1994. “Measuring the Wealth of Nations: The Political Economy of National Accounts.” Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511528330

Cited here: locus not yet resolved — the registry records “Table 9.1”; no Table 9.1 in the held book: Measuring the Wealth of Nations has 7 chapters and appendices A–N, and the KB table census (76 distinct printed tables) has no chapter-8 or chapter-9 entry

verified: crossref · 2026-05-24

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Shaikh, Anwar; Tonak, E. Ahmet. 1994. “Measuring the Wealth of Nations: The Political Economy of National Accounts.” Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511528330
@book{shaikh_tonak1994,
  author   = {Shaikh, Anwar and Tonak, E. Ahmet},
  title    = {Measuring the Wealth of Nations: The Political Economy of National Accounts},
  publisher= {Cambridge University Press},
  year     = {1994},
  doi      = {10.1017/cbo9780511528330}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. 1998. “Benchmark Input-Output Accounts of the United States, 1992.” U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis. https://www.bea.gov/industry/historical-benchmark-input-output-tables

verified: BEA volume title page read (apps.bea.gov/scb/pdf/national/inputout/meth/io1992.pdf) + BEA Historical Benchmark I-O Tables page fetched 2026-08-12 · 2026-08-12

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U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. 1998. “Benchmark Input-Output Accounts of the United States, 1992.” U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis.
@report{bea1998_benchmark_io_1992,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis},
  title    = {Benchmark Input-Output Accounts of the United States, 1992},
  publisher= {U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis},
  year     = {1998},
  url      = {https://www.bea.gov/industry/historical-benchmark-input-output-tables}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Industry Accounts. n.d.. “BEA GDP-by-Industry: Chain-Type Quantity Indexes for Gross Output (2005=100 at Shaikh retrieval; modern vintage 2017=100).” BEA. https://www.bea.gov/data/gdp/gdp-industry

verified: manual · 2026-08-10

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U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Industry Accounts. n.d. “BEA GDP-by-Industry: Chain-Type Quantity Indexes for Gross Output (2005=100 at Shaikh retrieval; modern vintage 2017=100).” BEA.
@report{bea_gdp_by_industry,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Industry Accounts},
  title    = {BEA GDP-by-Industry: Chain-Type Quantity Indexes for Gross Output (2005=100 at Shaikh retrieval; modern vintage 2017=100)},
  publisher= {BEA},
  url      = {https://www.bea.gov/data/gdp/gdp-industry}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. 2024. “NIPA Handbook: Concepts and Methods of the U.S. National Income and Product Accounts, Chapter 6: Private Fixed Investment.” NIPA Handbook. BEA. https://www.bea.gov/resources/methodologies/nipa-handbook

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U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. 2024. “NIPA Handbook: Concepts and Methods of the U.S. National Income and Product Accounts, Chapter 6: Private Fixed Investment.” NIPA Handbook. BEA.
@report{bea_nipa_handbook_ch6,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis},
  title    = {NIPA Handbook: Concepts and Methods of the U.S. National Income and Product Accounts, Chapter 6: Private Fixed Investment},
  series   = {NIPA Handbook},
  publisher= {BEA},
  year     = {2024},
  url      = {https://www.bea.gov/resources/methodologies/nipa-handbook}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. 2007. “SIC to NAICS Conversion Tables.” U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. https://www.bea.gov/research/papers/2007/converting-historical-industry-time-series-data-sic-naics

verified: BEA research page fetched 2026-08-12 (page lists the Excel file and its method paper) · 2026-08-12

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U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. 2007. “SIC to NAICS Conversion Tables.” U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis.
@dataset{bea_sic_naics_conversion_tables,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis},
  title    = {SIC to NAICS Conversion Tables},
  publisher= {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis},
  year     = {2007},
  url      = {https://www.bea.gov/research/papers/2007/converting-historical-industry-time-series-data-sic-naics}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. n.d.. “BEA Fixed-Asset Wealth Table 4.8, line 1 (Investment in Fixed Nonresidential Capital).” https://apps.bea.gov/iTable/?reqid=10

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U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. n.d. “BEA Fixed-Asset Wealth Table 4.8, line 1 (Investment in Fixed Nonresidential Capital).”
@report{bea_wealth_t48,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis},
  title    = {BEA Fixed-Asset Wealth Table 4.8, line 1 (Investment in Fixed Nonresidential Capital)},
  url      = {https://apps.bea.gov/iTable/?reqid=10}
}

Mohun, Simon. 2014. “Unproductive Labor in the U.S. Economy 1964-2010.” Review of Radical Political Economics 46(3): 355-379. doi:10.1177/0486613413506080

verified: crossref · 2026-05-24

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Mohun, Simon. 2014. “Unproductive Labor in the U.S. Economy 1964-2010.” Review of Radical Political Economics 46(3): 355-379. https://doi.org/10.1177/0486613413506080
@article{mohun2014,
  author   = {Mohun, Simon},
  title    = {Unproductive Labor in the U.S. Economy 1964-2010},
  journal  = {Review of Radical Political Economics},
  volume   = {46},
  number   = {3},
  pages    = {355-379},
  year     = {2014},
  doi      = {10.1177/0486613413506080}
}

Shaikh2010b. 2010. “Correspondence (shaikh2010b).” Shaikh email archive (ASP Box 34).

verified: manual · 2026-08-11

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Shaikh2010b. 2010. “Correspondence (shaikh2010b).” Shaikh email archive (ASP Box 34).
@misc{shaikh2010b,
  author   = {Shaikh2010b},
  title    = {Correspondence (shaikh2010b)},
  series   = {Shaikh email archive (ASP Box 34)},
  year     = {2010}
}

Shaikh, Anwar; Tonak, E. Ahmet. 2000. “The Rise and Fall of the U.S. Welfare State.” Political Economy and Contemporary Capitalism: Radical Perspectives on Economic Theory and Policy (Ron P. Baiman, Heather Boushey and Dawn Saunders, eds.), ch. 29: 247-265. M.E. Sharpe, Armonk NY.

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Shaikh, Anwar; Tonak, E. Ahmet. 2000. “The Rise and Fall of the U.S. Welfare State.” Political Economy and Contemporary Capitalism: Radical Perspectives on Economic Theory and Policy (Ron P. Baiman, Heather Boushey and Dawn Saunders, eds.), ch. 29: 247-265. M.E. Sharpe, Armonk NY.
@book{shaikh_tonak2000,
  author   = {Shaikh, Anwar and Tonak, E. Ahmet},
  title    = {The Rise and Fall of the U.S. Welfare State},
  series   = {Political Economy and Contemporary Capitalism: Radical Perspectives on Economic Theory and Policy (Ron P. Baiman, Heather Boushey and Dawn Saunders, eds.), ch. 29},
  pages    = {247-265},
  publisher= {M.E. Sharpe, Armonk NY},
  year     = {2000}
}

Tonak, Ertugrul Ahmet. 1984. “A Conceptualization of State Revenues and Expenditures U.S.: 1952-1980.” New School for Social Research.

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Tonak, Ertugrul Ahmet. 1984. “A Conceptualization of State Revenues and Expenditures U.S.: 1952-1980.” New School for Social Research.
@thesis{tonak1984,
  author   = {Tonak, Ertugrul Ahmet},
  title    = {A Conceptualization of State Revenues and Expenditures U.S.: 1952-1980},
  publisher= {New School for Social Research},
  year     = {1984}
}

Wasshausen2010a. 2010. “Correspondence (wasshausen2010a).” Shaikh email archive (ASP Box 34).

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Wasshausen2010a. 2010. “Correspondence (wasshausen2010a).” Shaikh email archive (ASP Box 34).
@misc{wasshausen2010a,
  author   = {Wasshausen2010a},
  title    = {Correspondence (wasshausen2010a)},
  series   = {Shaikh email archive (ASP Box 34)},
  year     = {2010}
}

Wasshausen2010c. 2010. “Correspondence (wasshausen2010c).” Shaikh email archive (ASP Box 34).

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Wasshausen2010c. 2010. “Correspondence (wasshausen2010c).” Shaikh email archive (ASP Box 34).
@misc{wasshausen2010c,
  author   = {Wasshausen2010c},
  title    = {Correspondence (wasshausen2010c)},
  series   = {Shaikh email archive (ASP Box 34)},
  year     = {2010}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Industry Economic Accounts. n.d.. “BEA annual Supply-Use (Input-Output) tables, summary 71-order - API tables 258, 259, 261, 262.” BEA Input-Output Accounts, accessed via the BEA Data API (datasetname=InputOutput).

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U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Industry Economic Accounts. n.d. “BEA annual Supply-Use (Input-Output) tables, summary 71-order - API tables 258, 259, 261, 262.” BEA Input-Output Accounts, accessed via the BEA Data API (datasetname=InputOutput).
@dataset{bea-annual-supply-use-71order-api,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Industry Economic Accounts},
  title    = {BEA annual Supply-Use (Input-Output) tables, summary 71-order - API tables 258, 259, 261, 262},
  series   = {BEA Input-Output Accounts, accessed via the BEA Data API (datasetname=InputOutput)},
  urldate  = {2026-07-07},
  version  = {2026-07 vintage}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Industry Economic Accounts. n.d.. “BEA NAICS benchmark Input-Output accounts - detailed Make and Use (producers' and purchasers' prices) tables, total-requirements tables and 2017 Supply table.” BEA Benchmark Input-Output Accounts (NAICS basis).

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U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Industry Economic Accounts. n.d. “BEA NAICS benchmark Input-Output accounts - detailed Make and Use (producers' and purchasers' prices) tables, total-requirements tables and 2017 Supply table.” BEA Benchmark Input-Output Accounts (NAICS basis).
@dataset{bea-benchmark-io-naics-detail-1997-2017,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Industry Economic Accounts},
  title    = {BEA NAICS benchmark Input-Output accounts - detailed Make and Use (producers' and purchasers' prices) tables, total-requirements tables and 2017 Supply table},
  series   = {BEA Benchmark Input-Output Accounts (NAICS basis)},
  urldate  = {2026-07-07},
  version  = {2026-07 vintage}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). n.d.. “BEA Fixed Assets Table 4.1, Current-Cost Net Stock of Private Nonresidential Fixed Assets, Line 1 (API table FAAt401).” BEA Fixed Assets Accounts, accessed via the BEA Data API.

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U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). n.d. “BEA Fixed Assets Table 4.1, Current-Cost Net Stock of Private Nonresidential Fixed Assets, Line 1 (API table FAAt401).” BEA Fixed Assets Accounts, accessed via the BEA Data API.
@dataset{bea-fixed-assets-faat401-net-stock,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)},
  title    = {BEA Fixed Assets Table 4.1, Current-Cost Net Stock of Private Nonresidential Fixed Assets, Line 1 (API table FAAt401)},
  series   = {BEA Fixed Assets Accounts, accessed via the BEA Data API},
  urldate  = {2026-02-24},
  version  = {2026-02 vintage}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). n.d.. “GDPbyInd_VA_SIC.xls - BEA GDP-by-Industry historical SIC-basis detail, 1947-1997 (72SIC and 87SIC sheets: value added, gross output, intermediate inputs, components, employment).” BEA historical GDP-by-Industry archive (apps.bea.gov/histdatabea). https://apps.bea.gov/industry/xls/GDPbyInd_VA_SIC.xls

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U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). n.d. “GDPbyInd_VA_SIC.xls - BEA GDP-by-Industry historical SIC-basis detail, 1947-1997 (72SIC and 87SIC sheets: value added, gross output, intermediate inputs, components, employment).” BEA historical GDP-by-Industry archive (apps.bea.gov/histdatabea).
@misc{bea-gdpbyind-va-sic-historical-workbook,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)},
  title    = {GDPbyInd_VA_SIC.xls - BEA GDP-by-Industry historical SIC-basis detail, 1947-1997 (72SIC and 87SIC sheets: value added, gross output, intermediate inputs, components, employment)},
  series   = {BEA historical GDP-by-Industry archive (apps.bea.gov/histdatabea)},
  url      = {https://apps.bea.gov/industry/xls/GDPbyInd_VA_SIC.xls},
  urldate  = {2004-06-17},
  version  = {2004-06 vintage}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Industry Economic Accounts. n.d.. “BEA GDP-by-Industry: Gross Output by Industry (API TableID=15).” BEA Industry Economic Accounts / GDP by Industry, accessed via the BEA Data API.

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U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Industry Economic Accounts. n.d. “BEA GDP-by-Industry: Gross Output by Industry (API TableID=15).” BEA Industry Economic Accounts / GDP by Industry, accessed via the BEA Data API.
@dataset{bea-gdpbyindustry-gross-output,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Industry Economic Accounts},
  title    = {BEA GDP-by-Industry: Gross Output by Industry (API TableID=15)},
  series   = {BEA Industry Economic Accounts / GDP by Industry, accessed via the BEA Data API},
  urldate  = {2026-02-24},
  version  = {2026-02 vintage}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Industry Economic Accounts. n.d.. “BEA GDP-by-Industry: components of value added by industry (cache gdp_by_industry_va_components.csv).” BEA Industry Economic Accounts / GDP by Industry, accessed via the BEA Data API.

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U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Industry Economic Accounts. n.d. “BEA GDP-by-Industry: components of value added by industry (cache gdp_by_industry_va_components.csv).” BEA Industry Economic Accounts / GDP by Industry, accessed via the BEA Data API.
@dataset{bea-gdpbyindustry-va-components,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Industry Economic Accounts},
  title    = {BEA GDP-by-Industry: components of value added by industry (cache gdp_by_industry_va_components.csv)},
  series   = {BEA Industry Economic Accounts / GDP by Industry, accessed via the BEA Data API}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Industry Economic Accounts. n.d.. “BEA GDP-by-Industry: Value Added by Industry (API TableID=1).” BEA Industry Economic Accounts / GDP by Industry, accessed via the BEA Data API.

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U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Industry Economic Accounts. n.d. “BEA GDP-by-Industry: Value Added by Industry (API TableID=1).” BEA Industry Economic Accounts / GDP by Industry, accessed via the BEA Data API.
@dataset{bea-gdpbyindustry-value-added,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Industry Economic Accounts},
  title    = {BEA GDP-by-Industry: Value Added by Industry (API TableID=1)},
  series   = {BEA Industry Economic Accounts / GDP by Industry, accessed via the BEA Data API},
  urldate  = {2026-02-24},
  version  = {2026-02 vintage}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). n.d.. “BEA NIPA Tables 3.4, 3.6, 3.12 and 3.15 (government social benefits / expenditure detail), as used in the S&T2 Net-Social-Wage extension.” BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA). https://apps.bea.gov/iTable/iTable.cfm?reqid=19&step=2

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U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). n.d. “BEA NIPA Tables 3.4, 3.6, 3.12 and 3.15 (government social benefits / expenditure detail), as used in the S&T2 Net-Social-Wage extension.” BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA).
@dataset{bea-nipa-govt-expenditure-tables-nsw-extension,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)},
  title    = {BEA NIPA Tables 3.4, 3.6, 3.12 and 3.15 (government social benefits / expenditure detail), as used in the S&T2 Net-Social-Wage extension},
  series   = {BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA)},
  url      = {https://apps.bea.gov/iTable/iTable.cfm?reqid=19&step=2}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). n.d.. “BEA NIPA Table 2.1, Personal Income and Its Disposition (API table T20100) - compensation-of-employees line.” BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), accessed via the BEA Data API.

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U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). n.d. “BEA NIPA Table 2.1, Personal Income and Its Disposition (API table T20100) - compensation-of-employees line.” BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), accessed via the BEA Data API.
@dataset{bea-nipa-t20100,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)},
  title    = {BEA NIPA Table 2.1, Personal Income and Its Disposition (API table T20100) - compensation-of-employees line},
  series   = {BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), accessed via the BEA Data API},
  urldate  = {2026-02-24},
  version  = {2026-02 vintage}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). n.d.. “BEA NIPA Table 3.1, Government Current Receipts and Expenditures (API table T30100).” BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), accessed via the BEA Data API.

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U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). n.d. “BEA NIPA Table 3.1, Government Current Receipts and Expenditures (API table T30100).” BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), accessed via the BEA Data API.
@dataset{bea-nipa-t30100,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)},
  title    = {BEA NIPA Table 3.1, Government Current Receipts and Expenditures (API table T30100)},
  series   = {BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), accessed via the BEA Data API},
  urldate  = {2026-02-24},
  version  = {2026-02 vintage}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). n.d.. “BEA NIPA Table 3.3, State and Local Government Current Receipts and Expenditures (API table T30300).” BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), accessed via the BEA Data API.

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U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). n.d. “BEA NIPA Table 3.3, State and Local Government Current Receipts and Expenditures (API table T30300).” BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), accessed via the BEA Data API.
@dataset{bea-nipa-t30300,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)},
  title    = {BEA NIPA Table 3.3, State and Local Government Current Receipts and Expenditures (API table T30300)},
  series   = {BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), accessed via the BEA Data API},
  urldate  = {2026-02-24},
  version  = {2026-02 vintage}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). n.d.. “BEA NIPA Table 6.2D, Compensation of Employees by Industry (API table T60200D).” BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), accessed via the BEA Data API.

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U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). n.d. “BEA NIPA Table 6.2D, Compensation of Employees by Industry (API table T60200D).” BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), accessed via the BEA Data API.
@dataset{bea-nipa-t60200d,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)},
  title    = {BEA NIPA Table 6.2D, Compensation of Employees by Industry (API table T60200D)},
  series   = {BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), accessed via the BEA Data API},
  urldate  = {2026-02-24},
  version  = {2026-02 vintage}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). n.d.. “BEA NIPA Table 6.10D, Employer Contributions for Government Social Insurance by Industry (API table T61000D).” BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), accessed via the BEA Data API.

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U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). n.d. “BEA NIPA Table 6.10D, Employer Contributions for Government Social Insurance by Industry (API table T61000D).” BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), accessed via the BEA Data API.
@dataset{bea-nipa-t61000d,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)},
  title    = {BEA NIPA Table 6.10D, Employer Contributions for Government Social Insurance by Industry (API table T61000D)},
  series   = {BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), accessed via the BEA Data API},
  urldate  = {2026-02-24},
  version  = {2026-02 vintage}
}

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). n.d.. “BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES): all-employee and production/nonsupervisory-employee series.” BLS Current Employment Statistics (National), accessed via the BLS Public Data API v2. https://api.bls.gov/publicAPI/v2/timeseries/data/

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U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). n.d. “BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES): all-employee and production/nonsupervisory-employee series.” BLS Current Employment Statistics (National), accessed via the BLS Public Data API v2.
@dataset{bls-ces-employment-and-production-workers,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)},
  title    = {BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES): all-employee and production/nonsupervisory-employee series},
  series   = {BLS Current Employment Statistics (National), accessed via the BLS Public Data API v2},
  url      = {https://api.bls.gov/publicAPI/v2/timeseries/data/},
  urldate  = {2026-02-24},
  version  = {2026-02 vintage}
}

U.S. Census Bureau. n.d.. “Census Annual Retail Trade Survey (ARTS) gross-margin tables and Annual Wholesale Trade Survey (AWTS) purchases/gross-margin and sales tables.” U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Retail Trade Survey / Annual Wholesale Trade Survey.

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U.S. Census Bureau. n.d. “Census Annual Retail Trade Survey (ARTS) gross-margin tables and Annual Wholesale Trade Survey (AWTS) purchases/gross-margin and sales tables.” U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Retail Trade Survey / Annual Wholesale Trade Survey.
@dataset{census-arts-awts-trade-margins,
  author   = {U.S. Census Bureau},
  title    = {Census Annual Retail Trade Survey (ARTS) gross-margin tables and Annual Wholesale Trade Survey (AWTS) purchases/gross-margin and sales tables},
  series   = {U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Retail Trade Survey / Annual Wholesale Trade Survey},
  urldate  = {2026-07-07},
  version  = {2026-07 vintage}
}

Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. n.d.. “Industrial Production and Capacity Utilization - G.17 Statistical Release (the originating release for TCU).” Federal Reserve Statistical Release G.17. https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g17/

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Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. n.d. “Industrial Production and Capacity Utilization - G.17 Statistical Release (the originating release for TCU).” Federal Reserve Statistical Release G.17.
@misc{frb-g17-industrial-production-capacity-utilization,
  author   = {Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System},
  title    = {Industrial Production and Capacity Utilization - G.17 Statistical Release (the originating release for TCU)},
  series   = {Federal Reserve Statistical Release G.17},
  url      = {https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g17/}
}

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (FRED), republishing Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. n.d.. “FRED series TCU - Capacity Utilization: Total Industry.” FRED (Federal Reserve Economic Data), accessed via the FRED API. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/TCU

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (FRED), republishing Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. n.d. “FRED series TCU - Capacity Utilization: Total Industry.” FRED (Federal Reserve Economic Data), accessed via the FRED API.
@dataset{fred-tcu-capacity-utilization,
  author   = {Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (FRED), republishing Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System},
  title    = {FRED series TCU - Capacity Utilization: Total Industry},
  series   = {FRED (Federal Reserve Economic Data), accessed via the FRED API},
  url      = {https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/TCU},
  urldate  = {2026-02-24},
  version  = {2026-02 vintage}
}

RED / the predecessor project (Shaikh & Tonak 1994 replication). n.d.. “kio_final_1990_2024.csv - benchmark-anchored, bias-corrected, uncertainty-banded I-O uplift series kIO(t), 1990-2024.” RED/MWN promoted source artefact (derived internal); reproducible machinery at the project's build outputs.

verified: manual · 2026-08-12

Open in bibliography

Plain text & BibTeX
RED / the predecessor project (Shaikh & Tonak 1994 replication). n.d. “kio_final_1990_2024.csv - benchmark-anchored, bias-corrected, uncertainty-banded I-O uplift series kIO(t), 1990-2024.” RED/MWN promoted source artefact (derived internal); reproducible machinery at the project's build outputs.
@dataset{rmwnd-kio-final-1990-2024,
  author   = {RED / the predecessor project (Shaikh & Tonak 1994 replication)},
  title    = {kio_final_1990_2024.csv - benchmark-anchored, bias-corrected, uncertainty-banded I-O uplift series kIO(t), 1990-2024},
  series   = {RED/MWN promoted source artefact (derived internal); reproducible machinery at the project's build outputs}
}

S&T2 / RED project reconstruction (from BEA NIPA via the BEA API). n.d.. “Project reconstruction workbooks Table6_1_TaxAccounts.csv, Table6_2_BenefitAccounts.csv, Table6_3_NetSocialWage.csv and Table6_3_Extended.csv (taxes paid by / benefits received by workers, and the Net Social Wage).” RED/MWN data/source/book_tables (project-internal reconstruction, NOT printed book tables).

verified: manual · 2026-08-12

Open in bibliography

Plain text & BibTeX
S&T2 / RED project reconstruction (from BEA NIPA via the BEA API). n.d. “Project reconstruction workbooks Table6_1_TaxAccounts.csv, Table6_2_BenefitAccounts.csv, Table6_3_NetSocialWage.csv and Table6_3_Extended.csv (taxes paid by / benefits received by workers, and the Net Social Wage).” RED/MWN data/source/book_tables (project-internal reconstruction, NOT printed book tables).
@dataset{st2-nipa-tax-benefit-nsw-reconstruction-tables,
  author   = {S&T2 / RED project reconstruction (from BEA NIPA via the BEA API)},
  title    = {Project reconstruction workbooks Table6_1_TaxAccounts.csv, Table6_2_BenefitAccounts.csv, Table6_3_NetSocialWage.csv and Table6_3_Extended.csv (taxes paid by / benefits received by workers, and the Net Social Wage)},
  series   = {RED/MWN data/source/book_tables (project-internal reconstruction, NOT printed book tables)}
}
Show the full bibliography for this series
  1. Shaikh, Anwar; Tonak, E. Ahmet. 1994. “Measuring the Wealth of Nations: The Political Economy of National Accounts.” Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511528330 verified: crossref · 2026-05-24
  2. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. 1998. “Benchmark Input-Output Accounts of the United States, 1992.” U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis. https://www.bea.gov/industry/historical-benchmark-input-output-tables verified: BEA volume title page read (apps.bea.gov/scb/pdf/national/inputout/meth/io1992.pdf) + BEA Historical Benchmark I-O Tables page fetched 2026-08-12 · 2026-08-12
  3. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Industry Accounts. n.d.. “BEA GDP-by-Industry: Chain-Type Quantity Indexes for Gross Output (2005=100 at Shaikh retrieval; modern vintage 2017=100).” BEA. https://www.bea.gov/data/gdp/gdp-industry verified: manual · 2026-08-10
  4. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. 2024. “NIPA Handbook: Concepts and Methods of the U.S. National Income and Product Accounts, Chapter 6: Private Fixed Investment.” NIPA Handbook. BEA. https://www.bea.gov/resources/methodologies/nipa-handbook verified: manual · 2026-08-11
  5. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. 2007. “SIC to NAICS Conversion Tables.” U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. https://www.bea.gov/research/papers/2007/converting-historical-industry-time-series-data-sic-naics verified: BEA research page fetched 2026-08-12 (page lists the Excel file and its method paper) · 2026-08-12
  6. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. n.d.. “BEA Fixed-Asset Wealth Table 4.8, line 1 (Investment in Fixed Nonresidential Capital).” https://apps.bea.gov/iTable/?reqid=10 verified: manual · 2026-08-10
  7. Mohun, Simon. 2014. “Unproductive Labor in the U.S. Economy 1964-2010.” Review of Radical Political Economics 46(3): 355-379. doi:10.1177/0486613413506080 verified: crossref · 2026-05-24
  8. Shaikh2010b. 2010. “Correspondence (shaikh2010b).” Shaikh email archive (ASP Box 34). verified: manual · 2026-08-11
  9. Shaikh, Anwar; Tonak, E. Ahmet. 2000. “The Rise and Fall of the U.S. Welfare State.” Political Economy and Contemporary Capitalism: Radical Perspectives on Economic Theory and Policy (Ron P. Baiman, Heather Boushey and Dawn Saunders, eds.), ch. 29: 247-265. M.E. Sharpe, Armonk NY. verified: manual · 2026-08-10
  10. Tonak, Ertugrul Ahmet. 1984. “A Conceptualization of State Revenues and Expenditures U.S.: 1952-1980.” New School for Social Research. verified: manual · 2026-08-10
  11. Wasshausen2010a. 2010. “Correspondence (wasshausen2010a).” Shaikh email archive (ASP Box 34). verified: manual · 2026-08-11
  12. Wasshausen2010c. 2010. “Correspondence (wasshausen2010c).” Shaikh email archive (ASP Box 34). verified: manual · 2026-08-11
  13. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Industry Economic Accounts. n.d.. “BEA annual Supply-Use (Input-Output) tables, summary 71-order - API tables 258, 259, 261, 262.” BEA Input-Output Accounts, accessed via the BEA Data API (datasetname=InputOutput). verified: manual · 2026-08-12
  14. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Industry Economic Accounts. n.d.. “BEA NAICS benchmark Input-Output accounts - detailed Make and Use (producers' and purchasers' prices) tables, total-requirements tables and 2017 Supply table.” BEA Benchmark Input-Output Accounts (NAICS basis). verified: manual · 2026-08-12
  15. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). n.d.. “BEA Fixed Assets Table 4.1, Current-Cost Net Stock of Private Nonresidential Fixed Assets, Line 1 (API table FAAt401).” BEA Fixed Assets Accounts, accessed via the BEA Data API. verified: manual · 2026-08-12
  16. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). n.d.. “GDPbyInd_VA_SIC.xls - BEA GDP-by-Industry historical SIC-basis detail, 1947-1997 (72SIC and 87SIC sheets: value added, gross output, intermediate inputs, components, employment).” BEA historical GDP-by-Industry archive (apps.bea.gov/histdatabea). https://apps.bea.gov/industry/xls/GDPbyInd_VA_SIC.xls verified: manual · 2026-08-12
  17. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Industry Economic Accounts. n.d.. “BEA GDP-by-Industry: Gross Output by Industry (API TableID=15).” BEA Industry Economic Accounts / GDP by Industry, accessed via the BEA Data API. verified: manual · 2026-08-12
  18. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Industry Economic Accounts. n.d.. “BEA GDP-by-Industry: components of value added by industry (cache gdp_by_industry_va_components.csv).” BEA Industry Economic Accounts / GDP by Industry, accessed via the BEA Data API. verified: manual · 2026-08-12
  19. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Industry Economic Accounts. n.d.. “BEA GDP-by-Industry: Value Added by Industry (API TableID=1).” BEA Industry Economic Accounts / GDP by Industry, accessed via the BEA Data API. verified: manual · 2026-08-12
  20. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). n.d.. “BEA NIPA Tables 3.4, 3.6, 3.12 and 3.15 (government social benefits / expenditure detail), as used in the S&T2 Net-Social-Wage extension.” BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA). https://apps.bea.gov/iTable/iTable.cfm?reqid=19&step=2 verified: manual · 2026-08-12
  21. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). n.d.. “BEA NIPA Table 2.1, Personal Income and Its Disposition (API table T20100) - compensation-of-employees line.” BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), accessed via the BEA Data API. verified: manual · 2026-08-12
  22. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). n.d.. “BEA NIPA Table 3.1, Government Current Receipts and Expenditures (API table T30100).” BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), accessed via the BEA Data API. verified: manual · 2026-08-12
  23. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). n.d.. “BEA NIPA Table 3.3, State and Local Government Current Receipts and Expenditures (API table T30300).” BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), accessed via the BEA Data API. verified: manual · 2026-08-12
  24. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). n.d.. “BEA NIPA Table 6.2D, Compensation of Employees by Industry (API table T60200D).” BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), accessed via the BEA Data API. verified: manual · 2026-08-12
  25. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). n.d.. “BEA NIPA Table 6.10D, Employer Contributions for Government Social Insurance by Industry (API table T61000D).” BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), accessed via the BEA Data API. verified: manual · 2026-08-12
  26. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). n.d.. “BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES): all-employee and production/nonsupervisory-employee series.” BLS Current Employment Statistics (National), accessed via the BLS Public Data API v2. https://api.bls.gov/publicAPI/v2/timeseries/data/ verified: manual · 2026-08-12
  27. U.S. Census Bureau. n.d.. “Census Annual Retail Trade Survey (ARTS) gross-margin tables and Annual Wholesale Trade Survey (AWTS) purchases/gross-margin and sales tables.” U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Retail Trade Survey / Annual Wholesale Trade Survey. verified: manual · 2026-08-12
  28. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. n.d.. “Industrial Production and Capacity Utilization - G.17 Statistical Release (the originating release for TCU).” Federal Reserve Statistical Release G.17. https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g17/ verified: manual · 2026-08-12
  29. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (FRED), republishing Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. n.d.. “FRED series TCU - Capacity Utilization: Total Industry.” FRED (Federal Reserve Economic Data), accessed via the FRED API. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/TCU verified: manual · 2026-08-12
  30. RED / the predecessor project (Shaikh & Tonak 1994 replication). n.d.. “kio_final_1990_2024.csv - benchmark-anchored, bias-corrected, uncertainty-banded I-O uplift series kIO(t), 1990-2024.” RED/MWN promoted source artefact (derived internal); reproducible machinery at the project's build outputs. verified: manual · 2026-08-12
  31. S&T2 / RED project reconstruction (from BEA NIPA via the BEA API). n.d.. “Project reconstruction workbooks Table6_1_TaxAccounts.csv, Table6_2_BenefitAccounts.csv, Table6_3_NetSocialWage.csv and Table6_3_Extended.csv (taxes paid by / benefits received by workers, and the Net Social Wage).” RED/MWN data/source/book_tables (project-internal reconstruction, NOT printed book tables). verified: manual · 2026-08-12

Each short reference above opens its full record; the dataset's complete bibliography is on the download page.