Download the data

Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. n.d. “Industrial Production and Capacity Utilization - G.17 Statistical Release (the originating release for TCU).” Federal Reserve Statistical Release G.17.

@misc{frb-g17-industrial-production-capacity-utilization,
  author   = {Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System},
  title    = {Industrial Production and Capacity Utilization - G.17 Statistical Release (the originating release for TCU)},
  series   = {Federal Reserve Statistical Release G.17},
  url      = {https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g17/}
}

Cronin, Bruce. 2001. “Productive and Unproductive Capital: A mapping of the New Zealand system of national accounts to classical economic categories, 1972-95.” Review of Political Economy 13(3): 309-327. https://doi.org/10.1080/09538250120055168

@article{cronin2001,
  author   = {Cronin, Bruce},
  title    = {Productive and Unproductive Capital: A mapping of the New Zealand system of national accounts to classical economic categories, 1972-95},
  journal  = {Review of Political Economy},
  volume   = {13},
  number   = {3},
  pages    = {309-327},
  year     = {2001},
  doi      = {10.1080/09538250120055168}
}

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (FRED), republishing Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. n.d. “FRED series TCU - Capacity Utilization: Total Industry.” FRED (Federal Reserve Economic Data), accessed via the FRED API.

@dataset{fred-tcu-capacity-utilization,
  author   = {Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (FRED), republishing Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System},
  title    = {FRED series TCU - Capacity Utilization: Total Industry},
  series   = {FRED (Federal Reserve Economic Data), accessed via the FRED API},
  url      = {https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/TCU},
  urldate  = {2026-02-24},
  version  = {2026-02 vintage}
}

Katherine A. Moos (workbook), reconciled into the project by RED/the predecessor project. n.d. “Moos_nsw_reconciled.csv - Moos's Net Social Wage series with her own labour-share, personal-income and compensation columns.” RED/MWN data/source/external_studies.

@dataset{moos-nsw-reconciled-workbook,
  author   = {Katherine A. Moos (workbook), reconciled into the project by RED/the predecessor project},
  title    = {Moos_nsw_reconciled.csv - Moos's Net Social Wage series with her own labour-share, personal-income and compensation columns},
  series   = {RED/MWN data/source/external_studies}
}

Khanjian, Ara. 1989. “Measuring and Comparing the Price and Value Rates of S.V. [Surplus Value] in the US, 1958-1977.” New School for Social Research.

@thesis{khanjian1989,
  author   = {Khanjian, Ara},
  title    = {Measuring and Comparing the Price and Value Rates of S.V. [Surplus Value] in the US, 1958-1977},
  publisher= {New School for Social Research},
  year     = {1989}
}

Mohun, Simon. 2005. “On measuring the wealth of nations: the US economy, 1964-2001.” Cambridge Journal of Economics 29(5): 799-815. https://doi.org/10.1093/cje/bei043

@article{mohun2005,
  author   = {Mohun, Simon},
  title    = {On measuring the wealth of nations: the US economy, 1964-2001},
  journal  = {Cambridge Journal of Economics},
  volume   = {29},
  number   = {5},
  pages    = {799-815},
  year     = {2005},
  doi      = {10.1093/cje/bei043}
}

Mohun, Simon. 2006. “Distributive shares in the US economy, 1964-2001.” Cambridge Journal of Economics 30(3): 347-370. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/cje/bei065

@article{mohun2006,
  author   = {Mohun, Simon},
  title    = {Distributive shares in the US economy, 1964-2001},
  journal  = {Cambridge Journal of Economics},
  volume   = {30},
  number   = {3},
  pages    = {347-370},
  publisher= {Oxford University Press},
  year     = {2006},
  doi      = {10.1093/cje/bei065},
  url      = {https://doi.org/10.1093/cje/bei065}
}

Mohun, Simon. 2014. “Unproductive Labor in the U.S. Economy 1964-2010.” Review of Radical Political Economics 46(3): 355-379. https://doi.org/10.1177/0486613413506080

@article{mohun2014,
  author   = {Mohun, Simon},
  title    = {Unproductive Labor in the U.S. Economy 1964-2010},
  journal  = {Review of Radical Political Economics},
  volume   = {46},
  number   = {3},
  pages    = {355-379},
  year     = {2014},
  doi      = {10.1177/0486613413506080}
}

Moos, Katherine A. 2017. “Neoliberal Redistributive Policy: The U.S. Net Social Wage in the 21st Century.” Working Paper No. 2017-18, Department of Economics, University of Massachusetts Amherst; also issued as PERI Working Paper 453. University of Massachusetts Amherst.

@report{moos2017wp,
  author   = {Moos, Katherine A.},
  title    = {Neoliberal Redistributive Policy: The U.S. Net Social Wage in the 21st Century},
  series   = {Working Paper No. 2017-18, Department of Economics, University of Massachusetts Amherst; also issued as PERI Working Paper 453},
  publisher= {University of Massachusetts Amherst},
  year     = {2017}
}

Moos, Katherine A. 2019. “Neoliberal Redistributive Policy: The US Net Social Wage in the Early Twenty-First Century.” Review of Radical Political Economics 51(4): 581-605. https://doi.org/10.1177/0486613419848097

@article{moos2019,
  author   = {Moos, Katherine A.},
  title    = {Neoliberal Redistributive Policy: The US Net Social Wage in the Early Twenty-First Century},
  journal  = {Review of Radical Political Economics},
  volume   = {51},
  number   = {4},
  pages    = {581-605},
  year     = {2019},
  doi      = {10.1177/0486613419848097}
}

Paitaridis, Dimitris; Tsoulfidis, Lefteris. 2012. “The Growth of Unproductive Activities, the Rate of Profit, and the Phase-Change of the U.S. Economy.” Review of Radical Political Economics 44(2): 213-233. SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.1177/0486613411423899

@article{paitaridis_tsoulfidis2012,
  author   = {Paitaridis, Dimitris and Tsoulfidis, Lefteris},
  title    = {The Growth of Unproductive Activities, the Rate of Profit, and the Phase-Change of the U.S. Economy},
  journal  = {Review of Radical Political Economics},
  volume   = {44},
  number   = {2},
  pages    = {213-233},
  publisher= {SAGE Publications},
  year     = {2012},
  doi      = {10.1177/0486613411423899},
  url      = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0486613411423899}
}

RED / the predecessor project (Shaikh & Tonak 1994 replication). n.d. “kio_final_1990_2024.csv - benchmark-anchored, bias-corrected, uncertainty-banded I-O uplift series kIO(t), 1990-2024.” RED/MWN promoted source artefact (derived internal); reproducible machinery at the project's build outputs.

@dataset{rmwnd-kio-final-1990-2024,
  author   = {RED / the predecessor project (Shaikh & Tonak 1994 replication)},
  title    = {kio_final_1990_2024.csv - benchmark-anchored, bias-corrected, uncertainty-banded I-O uplift series kIO(t), 1990-2024},
  series   = {RED/MWN promoted source artefact (derived internal); reproducible machinery at the project's build outputs}
}

RED / the predecessor project reconstruction applying the Mohun (2005) classification. n.d. “Mohun-classification reconstruction series 1948-1989: mohun_exploitation_rates_1948_1989_CORRECTED.csv, mohun_employment_annual_1948_1989.csv, mohun_variable_capital_1948_1989_CORRECTED.csv, unproductive_decomposition_1948_1989.csv.” RED/MWN data/source/external_studies (project-internal reconstruction).

@dataset{st2-mohun-classification-reconstruction-1948-1989,
  author   = {RED / the predecessor project reconstruction applying the Mohun (2005) classification},
  title    = {Mohun-classification reconstruction series 1948-1989: mohun_exploitation_rates_1948_1989_CORRECTED.csv, mohun_employment_annual_1948_1989.csv, mohun_variable_capital_1948_1989_CORRECTED.csv, unproductive_decomposition_1948_1989.csv},
  series   = {RED/MWN data/source/external_studies (project-internal reconstruction)}
}

Rotta, Tomás N. 2018. “Unproductive accumulation in the USA: a new analytical framework.” Cambridge Journal of Economics 42(5): 1367-1392. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/cje/bex080

@article{rotta2018,
  author   = {Rotta, Tomás N.},
  title    = {Unproductive accumulation in the USA: a new analytical framework},
  journal  = {Cambridge Journal of Economics},
  volume   = {42},
  number   = {5},
  pages    = {1367-1392},
  publisher= {Oxford University Press},
  year     = {2018},
  doi      = {10.1093/cje/bex080},
  url      = {https://doi.org/10.1093/cje/bex080}
}

S&T2 / RED project reconstruction (from BEA NIPA via the BEA API). n.d. “Project reconstruction workbooks Table6_1_TaxAccounts.csv, Table6_2_BenefitAccounts.csv, Table6_3_NetSocialWage.csv and Table6_3_Extended.csv (taxes paid by / benefits received by workers, and the Net Social Wage).” RED/MWN data/source/book_tables (project-internal reconstruction, NOT printed book tables).

@dataset{st2-nipa-tax-benefit-nsw-reconstruction-tables,
  author   = {S&T2 / RED project reconstruction (from BEA NIPA via the BEA API)},
  title    = {Project reconstruction workbooks Table6_1_TaxAccounts.csv, Table6_2_BenefitAccounts.csv, Table6_3_NetSocialWage.csv and Table6_3_Extended.csv (taxes paid by / benefits received by workers, and the Net Social Wage)},
  series   = {RED/MWN data/source/book_tables (project-internal reconstruction, NOT printed book tables)}
}

Savran, Sungur; Tonak, E. Ahmet. 1999. “Productive and Unproductive Labour: An Attempt at Clarification and Classification.” Capital & Class 23(2): 113-152. SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.1177/030981689906800107

@article{savran_tonak1999,
  author   = {Savran, Sungur and Tonak, E. Ahmet},
  title    = {Productive and Unproductive Labour: An Attempt at Clarification and Classification},
  journal  = {Capital & Class},
  volume   = {23},
  number   = {2},
  pages    = {113-152},
  publisher= {SAGE Publications},
  year     = {1999},
  doi      = {10.1177/030981689906800107},
  url      = {https://doi.org/10.1177/030981689906800107}
}

Shaikh. 1992. “A Comment on 'The Value Controversy Reconsidered' by Itoh.” Radical Economics, ed. B. Roberts and S. Feiner. Kluwer (Boston).

@book{shaikh1992a,
  author   = {Shaikh},
  title    = {A Comment on 'The Value Controversy Reconsidered' by Itoh},
  series   = {Radical Economics, ed. B. Roberts and S. Feiner},
  publisher= {Kluwer (Boston)},
  year     = {1992}
}

Shaikh, Anwar; Tonak, E. Ahmet. 1987. “The Welfare State and the Myth of the Social Wage.” The Imperiled Economy, Book I (Robert Cherry et al., eds.): 184-194. Union for Radical Political Economics.

@book{shaikh_tonak1987,
  author   = {Shaikh, Anwar and Tonak, E. Ahmet},
  title    = {The Welfare State and the Myth of the Social Wage},
  series   = {The Imperiled Economy, Book I (Robert Cherry et al., eds.)},
  pages    = {184-194},
  publisher= {Union for Radical Political Economics},
  year     = {1987}
}

Shaikh, Anwar; Tonak, E. Ahmet. 1994. “Measuring the Wealth of Nations: The Political Economy of National Accounts.” Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511528330

@book{shaikh_tonak1994,
  author   = {Shaikh, Anwar and Tonak, E. Ahmet},
  title    = {Measuring the Wealth of Nations: The Political Economy of National Accounts},
  publisher= {Cambridge University Press},
  year     = {1994},
  doi      = {10.1017/cbo9780511528330}
}

Shaikh, Anwar; Tonak, E. Ahmet. 2000. “The Rise and Fall of the U.S. Welfare State.” Political Economy and Contemporary Capitalism: Radical Perspectives on Economic Theory and Policy (Ron P. Baiman, Heather Boushey and Dawn Saunders, eds.), ch. 29: 247-265. M.E. Sharpe, Armonk NY.

@book{shaikh_tonak2000,
  author   = {Shaikh, Anwar and Tonak, E. Ahmet},
  title    = {The Rise and Fall of the U.S. Welfare State},
  series   = {Political Economy and Contemporary Capitalism: Radical Perspectives on Economic Theory and Policy (Ron P. Baiman, Heather Boushey and Dawn Saunders, eds.), ch. 29},
  pages    = {247-265},
  publisher= {M.E. Sharpe, Armonk NY},
  year     = {2000}
}

Shaikh2010b. 2010. “Correspondence (shaikh2010b).” Shaikh email archive (ASP Box 34).

@misc{shaikh2010b,
  author   = {Shaikh2010b},
  title    = {Correspondence (shaikh2010b)},
  series   = {Shaikh email archive (ASP Box 34)},
  year     = {2010}
}

Tonak, Ertugrul Ahmet. 1984. “A Conceptualization of State Revenues and Expenditures U.S.: 1952-1980.” New School for Social Research.

@thesis{tonak1984,
  author   = {Tonak, Ertugrul Ahmet},
  title    = {A Conceptualization of State Revenues and Expenditures U.S.: 1952-1980},
  publisher= {New School for Social Research},
  year     = {1984}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. n.d. “BEA Fixed-Asset Wealth Table 4.8, line 1 (Investment in Fixed Nonresidential Capital).”

@report{bea_wealth_t48,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis},
  title    = {BEA Fixed-Asset Wealth Table 4.8, line 1 (Investment in Fixed Nonresidential Capital)},
  url      = {https://apps.bea.gov/iTable/?reqid=10}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. 1998. “Benchmark Input-Output Accounts of the United States, 1992.” U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis.

@report{bea1998_benchmark_io_1992,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis},
  title    = {Benchmark Input-Output Accounts of the United States, 1992},
  publisher= {U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis},
  year     = {1998},
  url      = {https://www.bea.gov/industry/historical-benchmark-input-output-tables}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. 2007. “SIC to NAICS Conversion Tables.” U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis.

@dataset{bea_sic_naics_conversion_tables,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis},
  title    = {SIC to NAICS Conversion Tables},
  publisher= {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis},
  year     = {2007},
  url      = {https://www.bea.gov/research/papers/2007/converting-historical-industry-time-series-data-sic-naics}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. 2024. “NIPA Handbook: Concepts and Methods of the U.S. National Income and Product Accounts, Chapter 6: Private Fixed Investment.” NIPA Handbook. BEA.

@report{bea_nipa_handbook_ch6,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis},
  title    = {NIPA Handbook: Concepts and Methods of the U.S. National Income and Product Accounts, Chapter 6: Private Fixed Investment},
  series   = {NIPA Handbook},
  publisher= {BEA},
  year     = {2024},
  url      = {https://www.bea.gov/resources/methodologies/nipa-handbook}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). n.d. “BEA benchmark Input-Output transaction (Z), technical-coefficient (A) and Leontief-inverse (L) matrices for the book benchmark years, 85-order SIC scheme.” BEA Benchmark Input-Output Accounts (SIC basis), as carried into the project via the predecessor project labelled matrix cache and rebuilt in WP-C.

@misc{bea-benchmark-io-1947-1977-sic-85order,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)},
  title    = {BEA benchmark Input-Output transaction (Z), technical-coefficient (A) and Leontief-inverse (L) matrices for the book benchmark years, 85-order SIC scheme},
  series   = {BEA Benchmark Input-Output Accounts (SIC basis), as carried into the project via the predecessor project labelled matrix cache and rebuilt in WP-C}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). n.d. “BEA Fixed Assets Table 4.1, Current-Cost Net Stock of Private Nonresidential Fixed Assets, Line 1 (API table FAAt401).” BEA Fixed Assets Accounts, accessed via the BEA Data API.

@dataset{bea-fixed-assets-faat401-net-stock,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)},
  title    = {BEA Fixed Assets Table 4.1, Current-Cost Net Stock of Private Nonresidential Fixed Assets, Line 1 (API table FAAt401)},
  series   = {BEA Fixed Assets Accounts, accessed via the BEA Data API},
  urldate  = {2026-02-24},
  version  = {2026-02 vintage}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). n.d. “GDPbyInd_VA_SIC.xls - BEA GDP-by-Industry historical SIC-basis detail, 1947-1997 (72SIC and 87SIC sheets: value added, gross output, intermediate inputs, components, employment).” BEA historical GDP-by-Industry archive (apps.bea.gov/histdatabea).

@misc{bea-gdpbyind-va-sic-historical-workbook,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)},
  title    = {GDPbyInd_VA_SIC.xls - BEA GDP-by-Industry historical SIC-basis detail, 1947-1997 (72SIC and 87SIC sheets: value added, gross output, intermediate inputs, components, employment)},
  series   = {BEA historical GDP-by-Industry archive (apps.bea.gov/histdatabea)},
  url      = {https://apps.bea.gov/industry/xls/GDPbyInd_VA_SIC.xls},
  urldate  = {2004-06-17},
  version  = {2004-06 vintage}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). n.d. “BEA NIPA Tables 3.4, 3.6, 3.12 and 3.15 (government social benefits / expenditure detail), as used in the S&T2 Net-Social-Wage extension.” BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA).

@dataset{bea-nipa-govt-expenditure-tables-nsw-extension,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)},
  title    = {BEA NIPA Tables 3.4, 3.6, 3.12 and 3.15 (government social benefits / expenditure detail), as used in the S&T2 Net-Social-Wage extension},
  series   = {BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA)},
  url      = {https://apps.bea.gov/iTable/iTable.cfm?reqid=19&step=2}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). n.d. “BEA NIPA Table 1.7.5 (API table T10705).” BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), accessed via the BEA Data API.

@dataset{bea-nipa-t10705,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)},
  title    = {BEA NIPA Table 1.7.5 (API table T10705)},
  series   = {BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), accessed via the BEA Data API},
  urldate  = {2026-02-24},
  version  = {2026-02 vintage}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). n.d. “BEA NIPA Table 2.1, Personal Income and Its Disposition (API table T20100) - compensation-of-employees line.” BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), accessed via the BEA Data API.

@dataset{bea-nipa-t20100,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)},
  title    = {BEA NIPA Table 2.1, Personal Income and Its Disposition (API table T20100) - compensation-of-employees line},
  series   = {BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), accessed via the BEA Data API},
  urldate  = {2026-02-24},
  version  = {2026-02 vintage}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). n.d. “BEA NIPA Table 3.1, Government Current Receipts and Expenditures (API table T30100).” BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), accessed via the BEA Data API.

@dataset{bea-nipa-t30100,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)},
  title    = {BEA NIPA Table 3.1, Government Current Receipts and Expenditures (API table T30100)},
  series   = {BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), accessed via the BEA Data API},
  urldate  = {2026-02-24},
  version  = {2026-02 vintage}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). n.d. “BEA NIPA Table 3.2, Federal Government Current Receipts and Expenditures (API table T30200).” BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), accessed via the BEA Data API.

@dataset{bea-nipa-t30200,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)},
  title    = {BEA NIPA Table 3.2, Federal Government Current Receipts and Expenditures (API table T30200)},
  series   = {BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), accessed via the BEA Data API},
  urldate  = {2026-02-24},
  version  = {2026-02 vintage}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). n.d. “BEA NIPA Table 3.3, State and Local Government Current Receipts and Expenditures (API table T30300).” BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), accessed via the BEA Data API.

@dataset{bea-nipa-t30300,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)},
  title    = {BEA NIPA Table 3.3, State and Local Government Current Receipts and Expenditures (API table T30300)},
  series   = {BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), accessed via the BEA Data API},
  urldate  = {2026-02-24},
  version  = {2026-02 vintage}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). n.d. “BEA NIPA Table 6.2D, Compensation of Employees by Industry (API table T60200D).” BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), accessed via the BEA Data API.

@dataset{bea-nipa-t60200d,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)},
  title    = {BEA NIPA Table 6.2D, Compensation of Employees by Industry (API table T60200D)},
  series   = {BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), accessed via the BEA Data API},
  urldate  = {2026-02-24},
  version  = {2026-02 vintage}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). n.d. “BEA NIPA Table 6.10D, Employer Contributions for Government Social Insurance by Industry (API table T61000D).” BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), accessed via the BEA Data API.

@dataset{bea-nipa-t61000d,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)},
  title    = {BEA NIPA Table 6.10D, Employer Contributions for Government Social Insurance by Industry (API table T61000D)},
  series   = {BEA National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), accessed via the BEA Data API},
  urldate  = {2026-02-24},
  version  = {2026-02 vintage}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Industry Accounts. n.d. “BEA GDP-by-Industry: Chain-Type Quantity Indexes for Gross Output (2005=100 at Shaikh retrieval; modern vintage 2017=100).” BEA.

@report{bea_gdp_by_industry,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Industry Accounts},
  title    = {BEA GDP-by-Industry: Chain-Type Quantity Indexes for Gross Output (2005=100 at Shaikh retrieval; modern vintage 2017=100)},
  publisher= {BEA},
  url      = {https://www.bea.gov/data/gdp/gdp-industry}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Industry Economic Accounts. n.d. “BEA annual Supply-Use (Input-Output) tables, summary 71-order - API tables 258, 259, 261, 262.” BEA Input-Output Accounts, accessed via the BEA Data API (datasetname=InputOutput).

@dataset{bea-annual-supply-use-71order-api,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Industry Economic Accounts},
  title    = {BEA annual Supply-Use (Input-Output) tables, summary 71-order - API tables 258, 259, 261, 262},
  series   = {BEA Input-Output Accounts, accessed via the BEA Data API (datasetname=InputOutput)},
  urldate  = {2026-07-07},
  version  = {2026-07 vintage}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Industry Economic Accounts. n.d. “BEA NAICS benchmark Input-Output accounts - detailed Make and Use (producers' and purchasers' prices) tables, total-requirements tables and 2017 Supply table.” BEA Benchmark Input-Output Accounts (NAICS basis).

@dataset{bea-benchmark-io-naics-detail-1997-2017,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Industry Economic Accounts},
  title    = {BEA NAICS benchmark Input-Output accounts - detailed Make and Use (producers' and purchasers' prices) tables, total-requirements tables and 2017 Supply table},
  series   = {BEA Benchmark Input-Output Accounts (NAICS basis)},
  urldate  = {2026-07-07},
  version  = {2026-07 vintage}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Industry Economic Accounts. n.d. “BEA GDP-by-Industry: Gross Output by Industry (API TableID=15).” BEA Industry Economic Accounts / GDP by Industry, accessed via the BEA Data API.

@dataset{bea-gdpbyindustry-gross-output,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Industry Economic Accounts},
  title    = {BEA GDP-by-Industry: Gross Output by Industry (API TableID=15)},
  series   = {BEA Industry Economic Accounts / GDP by Industry, accessed via the BEA Data API},
  urldate  = {2026-02-24},
  version  = {2026-02 vintage}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Industry Economic Accounts. n.d. “BEA GDP-by-Industry: components of value added by industry (cache gdp_by_industry_va_components.csv).” BEA Industry Economic Accounts / GDP by Industry, accessed via the BEA Data API.

@dataset{bea-gdpbyindustry-va-components,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Industry Economic Accounts},
  title    = {BEA GDP-by-Industry: components of value added by industry (cache gdp_by_industry_va_components.csv)},
  series   = {BEA Industry Economic Accounts / GDP by Industry, accessed via the BEA Data API}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Industry Economic Accounts. n.d. “BEA GDP-by-Industry: Value Added by Industry (API TableID=1).” BEA Industry Economic Accounts / GDP by Industry, accessed via the BEA Data API.

@dataset{bea-gdpbyindustry-value-added,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Industry Economic Accounts},
  title    = {BEA GDP-by-Industry: Value Added by Industry (API TableID=1)},
  series   = {BEA Industry Economic Accounts / GDP by Industry, accessed via the BEA Data API},
  urldate  = {2026-02-24},
  version  = {2026-02 vintage}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), republished by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (FRED). n.d. “FRED series GDPDEF - Gross Domestic Product Implicit Price Deflator.” FRED (Federal Reserve Economic Data).

@dataset{fred-gdpdef,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), republished by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (FRED)},
  title    = {FRED series GDPDEF - Gross Domestic Product Implicit Price Deflator},
  series   = {FRED (Federal Reserve Economic Data)},
  url      = {https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GDPDEF}
}

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Interindustry Economics Division (BE-51). n.d. “Benchmark Input-Output Accounts for the U.S. Economy, 1987 - Table 1 (Make) TBL1-87.DAT and Table 4 (Commodity-by-Commodity Total Requirements) TBL4-87.DAT.” Survey of Current Business 74 (April 1994) / BEA historical benchmark I-O distribution disks.

@misc{bea1994-benchmark-io-1987,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Interindustry Economics Division (BE-51)},
  title    = {Benchmark Input-Output Accounts for the U.S. Economy, 1987 - Table 1 (Make) TBL1-87.DAT and Table 4 (Commodity-by-Commodity Total Requirements) TBL4-87.DAT},
  series   = {Survey of Current Business 74 (April 1994) / BEA historical benchmark I-O distribution disks},
  urldate  = {1994-04-29},
  version  = {1994-04 vintage}
}

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). n.d. “BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES): all-employee and production/nonsupervisory-employee series.” BLS Current Employment Statistics (National), accessed via the BLS Public Data API v2.

@dataset{bls-ces-employment-and-production-workers,
  author   = {U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)},
  title    = {BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES): all-employee and production/nonsupervisory-employee series},
  series   = {BLS Current Employment Statistics (National), accessed via the BLS Public Data API v2},
  url      = {https://api.bls.gov/publicAPI/v2/timeseries/data/},
  urldate  = {2026-02-24},
  version  = {2026-02 vintage}
}

U.S. Census Bureau. n.d. “Census Annual Retail Trade Survey (ARTS) gross-margin tables and Annual Wholesale Trade Survey (AWTS) purchases/gross-margin and sales tables.” U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Retail Trade Survey / Annual Wholesale Trade Survey.

@dataset{census-arts-awts-trade-margins,
  author   = {U.S. Census Bureau},
  title    = {Census Annual Retail Trade Survey (ARTS) gross-margin tables and Annual Wholesale Trade Survey (AWTS) purchases/gross-margin and sales tables},
  series   = {U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Retail Trade Survey / Annual Wholesale Trade Survey},
  urldate  = {2026-07-07},
  version  = {2026-07 vintage}
}

Wasshausen2010a. 2010. “Correspondence (wasshausen2010a).” Shaikh email archive (ASP Box 34).

@misc{wasshausen2010a,
  author   = {Wasshausen2010a},
  title    = {Correspondence (wasshausen2010a)},
  series   = {Shaikh email archive (ASP Box 34)},
  year     = {2010}
}

Wasshausen2010c. 2010. “Correspondence (wasshausen2010c).” Shaikh email archive (ASP Box 34).

@misc{wasshausen2010c,
  author   = {Wasshausen2010c},
  title    = {Correspondence (wasshausen2010c)},
  series   = {Shaikh email archive (ASP Box 34)},
  year     = {2010}
}